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Bali
I
Jakarta
I
Central
Java
I
East
Java
I
West
Java
I
Yogyakatar
I
Lampung |
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Banten
I West
Nusa
Tenggara I
East
Nusa
Tenggara
I
Bengkulu
I
Jambi |
|
South
Sumatra
I
West
Sumatra
I
North
Sumatra
I
Riau
I
Aceh |
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|
 Jakarta
is
the
capital
city
of
the
Republic
of
Indonesia,
a
country
composed
of
more
than
13,000
islands
with
a
population
of
over
180
million.
Comprising
more
than
300
ethnic
groups
speaking
200
different
languages,
the
Indonesia
population
exhibits
marked
diversity
in
its
linguistic,
culture,
and
religious
traditions.
As
the
Capital
City,
Jakarta
is a
melting
pot
of
representatives
from
each
of
these
ethnic
groups.
Jakarta
is a
special
territory
enjoying
the
status
of a
province,
consisting
of
Greater
Jakarta,
covering
of
637.44
square
km
area.
Located
on
the
northern
coast
of
West
Java,
it
is
the
center
of
government,
commerce
and
industry
and
has
an
extensive
communications
network
with
the
rest
of
the
country
and
the
outside
world.
Strategically
positioned
in
the
archipelago,
the
city
is
also
the
principal
gateway
to
the
rest
of
Indonesia.
From
the
Capital
City,
sophisticated
land,
air,
and
sea
transport
is
available
to
the
rest
of
the
country
and
beyond. |
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Jakarta
is
one
of
Indonesia's
designated
tourist
areas.
It
is a
gateway
to
other
tourist
destinations
in
Indonesia
and
is
equipped
with
all
the
means
of
modern
transportation
by
air,
sea,
rail,
or
by
land.
It
has
the
largest
and
most
modern
airport
in
the
country,
the
most
important
harbor
in
Indonesia
and
is
well
connected
by
rail
of
good
roads
to
other
destinations
in
Java,
Sumatra,
and
Bali.
As
Indonesia's
main
gateway,
Soekarno-Hatta
International
Airport
serves
a
growing
number
of
international
airlines
and
domestic
flights.
Jakarta
is a
city
of
contrasts;
the
traditional
and
the
modern,
the
rich
and
the
poor,
the
sacral
and
the
worldly,
often
stand
side
by
side
in
this
bustling
metropolis.
Even
its
population
gathered
from
all
those
diverse
ethnic
and
cultural
groups,
which
compose
Indonesia,
are
constantly
juxtaposed
present
reminder
of
the
national
motto;
Unity
in
Diversity. |
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Finding
its
origin
in
the
small
early
16th
century
harbor
town
of
Sunda
Kelapa,
Jakarta's
founding
is
thought
to
have
taken
place
on
June
22,
1527,
when
it
was
re-named
Jayakarta,
meaning
Glorious
Victory
by
the
conquering
Prince
Fatahillah
from
neighboring
Cirebon.
The
Dutch
East
Indies
Company,
which
captured
the
town
and
destroyed
it
in
1619,
changed
its
name
into
Batavia
and
made
it
the
center
for
the
expansion
of
their
power
in
the
East
Indies.
Shortly
after
the
outbreak
of
World
War
II,
Batavia
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
invading
Japanese
forces
that
changed
the
name
of
the
city
into
'Jakarta'
as a
gesture
aimed
at
winning
the
sympathy
of
the
Indonesians.
The
name
was
retained
after
Indonesia
achieved
national
independence
after
the
war's
end. |
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The
ethnic
of
Jakarta
called
"Orang
Betawi"
speaks
Betawi
Malay,
spoken
as
well
in
the
surrounding
towns
such
as
Bekasi
and
Tangerang.
Their
language,
Betawi
Malay,
has
two
variations:
conventional
Betawi
Malay,
spoken
by
elder
people
and
bred
in
Jakarta,
and
modern
Jakarta
Malay,
a
slang
form
spoken
by
the
younger
generation
and
migrants. |
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Jakarta's
architecture
reflects
to a
large
extent
the
influx
of
outside
influences,
which
came
and
has
remained
in
this
vital
seaport
city.
Taman
Fatahillah
Restoration
Project,
begun
in
the
early
1970s
has
restored
one
of
the
oldest
sections
of
Jakarta
also
known
as
Old
Batavia
to
approximately
its
original
state.
The
Old
Portuguese
Church
and
warehouse
have
been
rehabilitated
into
living
museums.
The
old
Supreme
Court
building
is
now
a
museum
of
fine
arts,
which
also
houses
part
of
the
excellent
Chinese
porcelain
collection
of
former
Vice
President
Adam
Malik.
The
old
Town
Hall
has
become
the
Jakarta
Museum,
displaying
such
rare
items
as
Indonesia's
old
historical
documents
and
Dutch
period
furniture.
Its
tower
clock
was
once
returned
to
England
to
be
repaired
under
its
lifetime
guarantee,
which
up
to
now
has
already
lasted
hundreds
of
years. |
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In
recent
years,
Jakarta
has
expanded
its
facilities
for
visitors
with
luxury
hotels,
fine
restaurants,
exciting
nightlife
and
modern
shopping
centers.
It
contains
many
tourist
attractions
such
as
Taman
Mini
Indonesia
Indah
(Beautiful
"Indonesia
in
Miniature"
Park),
restored
colonial
period
buildings,
island
resorts
in
the
Pula
Seribu
(Thousand
Island),
and
an
extensive
beach
recreation
complex
called
Ancol.
"Beautiful
Indonesia
in
Miniature
Park"
popularly
called
TMII
"Taman
Mini
Indonesia
Indah",
built
to
portray
the
variety
of
cultures
found
within
the
many
islands
contained
in
the
Republic
of
Indonesia,
this
open-air
museum
comprises
the
many
architectural
forms
of
arts
and
traditions
of
all
Indonesia
provinces.
It
is
proof
of
the
country's
motto
of
Unity
in
Diversity
as
well
as
Freedom
of
Religion
depicted
in
the
houses
of
worship
built
on
the
grounds. |
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Geographically
The
Province
is
geographically
located
on
6012'
South
Latitude
and
106048'-
East
Longitude.
The
government
administration
is
set
into
5
regions
South
Jakarta,
Central
Jakarta,
East
Jakarta,
West
Jakarta,
North
Jakarta
and
1
regency/
administrative
city,
namely
Thousand
Island
regency.
The
largest
city
is
East
Jakarta
(187.73
sq
km)
and
the
smallest
is
Thousand
Island
regency
(11.81
sq
km).
The
average
rainfall
is
1,916.8-
924.50
mm/year.
The
temperature
is
between
of
22C
-
33C. |
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People
Indonesians
are
known
as
friendliest
people
in
the
world
towards
foreigners
and
most
tolerant
towards
their
manners.
But
there
are
few
things,
which
are
not
done
among
Indonesia.
They
consider
the
head
as
something
sacred
that
must
be
respected.
Patting
on
the
head
is
not
done
among
adults.
Calling
someone
by
crooking
the
index
finger
is
considered
impolite
and
giving
or
receiving
things
with
the
left
hand
is
no -
where
acceptable.
The
handshake
accompanied
with
a
smile
is
common
among
men
and
women
greeting
or
welcoming
somebody.
Not
less
9
million
people
live
in
Jakarta
representing
nearly
all
the
ethnic
groups
in
the
archipelago.
The
major
groups
are
Sundanese,
Javanese,
Chinese,
and
the
native
community
is
Orang
Betawi
(people
of
Betawi).
The
other
large
groups
are
the
Minangkabau
people,
the
Bataks,
the
Manadonase,
and
the
other
people
from
Sulawesi
and
the
Ambonase.
Orang
Betawi
emerged
in
the
19th
century
from
a
melting
pot
of
races,
ethnic
groups
and
cultures.
They
have
their
own
culture
distinct
from
other
ethnics'
cultures.
In
1923
they
founded
an
organization
called
Kaum
Betawi,
which
was
in
fact
a
statement
about
the
existence
of
the
Betawi
ethnic
group.
The
majority
professes
is
Islam.
But
it
does
not
mean
that
Indonesia
is
an
Islamic
state.
It
is a
Pancasila
state.
And
one
of
the
principles
of
Pancasila,
the
state
ideology,
is
"belief
in
the
one
Supreme
God".
This
means
that
the
various
belief
systems
must
be
respected
and
respect
each
other.
This
explains
the
ubiquitous
Moslem
prayer
houses
in
the
city
beside
many
churches
and
a
few
temples.
In
Taman
Mini
Indonesia
Indah
(Beautiful
Indonesia
in
Miniature
Park),
the
prince
Diponegoro
Mosque
is
juxtaposition
with
the
saint
Catherine
Church,
the
Hallelujah
Church,
the
Pura
Penataran
Agung
Kertabumi
Temple,
the
Aria
Dwipa
Arama
Monastery
and
the
Indonesian
Mystic
Convention
Hall,
symbolizing
the
motto:
Bhinneka
Tunggal
Ika
(Unity
In
Diversity)
in
matters
of
religions
and
belief
-
systems. |
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Betawi
Indonesia's
cultural
diversity
is
celebrated
in
the
national
motto,
Bhineka
Tunggal
Ika,
meaning
"Unity
in
Diversity."
One
manifestation
of
this
tenet
of
Indonesian
national
identity
is
the
government's
efforts
to
give
equal
precedence
to
the
development
of
traditional
art
forms
from
each
ethnic
group.
In
Jakarta,
Orang
Betawi,
the
natives
of
the
city,
are
considered
to
be
the
hosts
of
these
cultures,
having
emerged
from
the
melting
pot
of
races,
ethnic
groups
and
cultures
of
Indonesia
in
the
19th
century.
Today
they
constitute
one
of
the
city's
main
ethnic
groups
along
side
the
Javanese
(from
Central
and
Eastern
Java),
Sundanese
(from
West
Java)
and
Chinese. |
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Culture
To
see
for
themselves
what
and
now
those
Betawi
art
forms
are,
we
can
go
to
any
travel
agent
and
ask
for
tour
to a
"
Betawi
Cultural
Institution
"to
catch
a
glimpse
of
the
real
thing".
Or
we
can
visit
the
Jakarta
pavilion
at
Taman
Mini
Indonesia
Indah
(Beautiful
Indonesia
in
Miniature
Park)
which
has
long
been
showing
Betawi
ceremonies
such
as
the
Betawi
wedding
ceremony,
the
circumcision
procession,
the
baby
head
-
shaving
ceremony
etc.
As
mentioned
before,
the
Betawi
group
emerged
in
the
19th
century
from
the
melting
pot
of
races,
ethnic
groups
and
cultures.
Today
the
Betawi
culture
has
a
distinct
personality
of
its
own,
but
one
can
discern
the
various
influences
of
other
cultures
by
looking
or
listening
to
its
art
form.
The
Tanjidor
orchestra
is
certainly
inherited
from
Dutch
land
-
owners
and
the
Gambang
Kromong
and
Cokek
dance
originated
in
the
residence
of
wealthy
Chinese
traders
and
merchants.
The
Betawi
Cokek
dance
shows
Balinese
influence
in
the
movement
of
the
dancers
and
the
style
of
playing
the
gamelan.
This
style
of
playing
the
gamelan
can
also
be
observed
in
the
gamelan
orchestra
accompanying
the
Wayang
Kulit
Betawi
show.
The
Portuguese
speaking
community
has
also
left
its
inheritance,
the
Kroncong
Tugu
with
its
popular
songs
Nina
Bobo,
Kaparinyo
and
Kroncong
moritsko
is
said
to
be
the
origin
of
the
popular
Kroncong
orchestra
of
to
day.
The
Javanese
presence
since
the
17th
century
has
left
its
mark
too
on
the
Betawi
music,
dance
and
theatre;
Wayang
Kulit
Betawi
and
Lenong
are
examples
of
this
influence.
A
major
influence
on
the
Betawi
culture
is
Islam,
the
religion
of
the
majority
of
the
people.
The
Rebana
orchestra,
the
Gambus
orchestra,
the
Zapin
or
Japin
dance
are
Islam
inspired
art
forms.
The
Betawi
traditional
art
is
developed
and
accepted
well.
Not
only
Betawi
people,
but
also
other
ethnic
groups
are
fond
of
this
art.
For
example,
the
traditional
drama-Lenong
and
Topeng
Blantik
(Blantik
mask),
the
traditional
dance
-
Tari
Topeng
(Mask
Dance),
Ondel-ondel,
Ronggeng
Topeng,
etc,
the
traditional
art
of
music
-
Sambrah,
Rebana,
Gambang
Kromong,
Tanjidor,
Puppet
-
Betawi
puppet
using
the
Malay-Betawi
dialect
Basically
the
marriage
system
used
by
Betawi
people
is
the
Islamic
law.
To
whom
they
are
allowed
or
have
not
allowed
to
get
married
with.
The
young
people
are
also
free
to
choose
their
partners.
In
spite
of
this,
the
parents`
role
either
from
the
man's
or
woman's
side
are
very
important
to
approve
the
marriage,
for
the
parents
are
involved
in
holding
the
marriage
party.
Before
getting
marriage
the
man
and
the
woman
are
introduced
to
each
other
and
when
they
both
have
agreement,
the
man's
parents
will
propose
the
girl.
After
the
two
parties
reach
an
agreement,
they
decide
the
time
to
hold
the
dowry
delivery
ceremony
which
is
usually
represented
by
another
party,
such
as
the
relatives
of
the
man's
and
the
woman's
sides.
The
marriage
ceremony
is
held
on
the
agreed
day.
After
the
marriage
contract
ceremony
both
the
man
and
the
woman
go
back
to
each
their
parents
(their
home).
A
few
days
later
a
ceremony
of
parents-in-law
relationship
is
held
and
the
bridegroom
goes
in
procession
to
the
bride's
house.
Before
entering
the
bride's
house,
the
bridegroom's
side
holds
the
question-answer
ceremony
by
using
the
traditional
poetry
rhythm
and
it
is
accompanied
by
tambourine/rabana
music
with
the
welcome
/
marhaban
songs.
Then,
the
bridegroom
is
allowed
to
enter
the
house
to
meet
the
bride.
They
sit
side
by
side
for
a
moment.
After
that
the
bridegroom
joins
his
parents
and
companions
who
escort
him
to
the
bride`
house.
When
the
ceremony
is
finished
the
bride
may
come
with
his
husband
to
his
house. |
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Language
The
official
language
is
Bahasa
Indonesia
and
English
is
the
most
spoken
and
understood
foreign
language.
In
convention
hotels
they
have
translators
for
English,
France,
Dutch,
German,
Japanese,
Mandarin,
and
even
Spanish.
The
native
Betawi
people
speak
Betawi
Malay,
which
is
different
from
standard
Malay.
There
are
variations
in
the
language
according
to
region,
the
Betawi
Malay
of
the
centre
and
that
of
the
periphery.
There
are
also
socio
-
cultural
variations.
The
older
people
born
and
bred
in
Jakarta
speak
the
traditional
Betawi
Malay,
while
the
younger
people
and
migrants
speak
the
modern
version
of
the
language.
In
the
language,
various
influences
from
other
cultures
are
apparent,
Balinese,
Sundanese,
and
Javanese
influences
are
there
and
words
derived
from
Arabic,
Dutch,
Chinese
and
Portuguese
are
easily
recognizable.
Betawi
Malay
is
spoken
not
only
in
Jakarta,
but
also
in
parts
of
Bekasi,
Tangerang
and
Bogor,
which
belong
to
the
province
of
West
Java. |
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